Pierre Robin Syndrome, Narcolepsy and Traumatic Brain Injury

capital of South Dakota Robin Syndrome, Narcolepsy and Traumatic Brain soilPatient Education EntriesPierre Robin SyndromePierre Robin Syndrome is usually referred to Bird Face. This condition was initially regarded as a single clinical entity but is now considered to characterize a unique(predicate) result of an abnormal developmental process. Pierre Robin Syndromes exact endeavour is unknown. There is no connection between the activities of a mother that causes her louse up to have this disorder (International Craniofacial Institute, 2014, n.p.). For paediatricians, the main short-term issues that need treatment are for breathing and feeding.SymptomsThe lower jaw is abnormally small. desire tongue which causes its tongue to stymie the airway.Cleft palateRepeated ear infectionsInterventions (Childrens Hospital of Wisconsin, 2013, n.p.)Tongue-lip adhesion which is a interim stitch of the tongue to the lip below. It heaves the tongue frontward to obviate obstruction on the airw ay.Mandibular distraction is a procedure to cut the lower jaw as pins are on the bone on every side. This technique corrects asymmetric jaws of patients. It pulls out jaws of patients with obstructive sleep apnea especially for those who suffer PRS.Tracheostomy is applicable if the first ii ways dont work. This is a surgery creating a hole through the discern going to the trachea. This serves as a passage of air for breathing.In the long run, speech defect and palatal dysfunction are the effects. By 3 years old, most children with this disorder are taking an oral diet and do not have major difficulty in breathing if proper intervention in earlier years took place (Burton, 2010, para.17).NarcolepsyNarcolepsy is a disorder of having too much sleepiness during the daytime. It is likewise associated with abrupt temporary muscle weakness or cataplexy. According to a research in 2013, 1 out of 2000 people experience this disorder (UK Health Centre, n.p.). A cause of this disorder is t he lack of neurotransmitter hypocretin (orexin). This is usual in the cases of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Another cause is the combination of genetics and impact of surroundings, such as hormonal imbalance, trauma, immune system problems, or stress. Narcolepsy is a life-long illness, but it does not persistently worsen. Over the time, its symptoms gradually decrease but they never totally disappear. As for adults, cataplexy lessens, but sleep disturbances can encounter worse. Below are the symptoms of Narcolepsy (University of Maryland Medical Centre, 2012, n.p.).Main SymptomsEasiness to sleep during daytime even in an uncomfortable pose and few hours if they are equivocation down.3 or 4 hours of drowsiness at daytime that often ends in short naps.Drowsiness isnt noticed by the patient and they cannot clear remember their behaviour at those times.Other SymptomsAtonia is a condition of a sleeping person where he or she is conscious but cannot talk, extend and slice breathing dee ply.Hypnagogic Hallucinations. These are dreams that come to mind during the onset of sleep which usually happen for 30 seconds maximum.Periodic Limb Movement Disorder. A condition where the leg muscles contract every 20 40 seconds as the patient sleeps.Interventions ( issue Sleep Foundation, 2013, n.p.)Light therapy helps keep a regular sleep and elicit timetable. The patient is to sit in front of a light box flashing special lights for 10 to 30 minutes. The patient will somehow forfend feeling sleepy in the morning.Behavioural therapy aims to relieve symptoms. With this therapy, patients should avoid heavy meals and alcohol given that these can disturb or induce sleep.Diet Therapy For two months, patient is put on a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) wherein there is a simplification on the intake of wheat flour and grain. The effect of this therapy results to 18% reduction on afternoon sleepiness.Positive Pressure Therapy This type of therapy is usually prescribed to p atients with sleep apnoea. During this treatment, it soothes the airway through therapeutic pressure. It uses a machine that can be used before sleeping.Traumatic Brain InjuryTraumatic Brain Injury takes place when a sudden trauma results damage to the brain. It is caused by a sudden, hard blow or bump to the head. The damage is classified to focal and diffuse. Focal Injury is damage focused one part of the brain while Diffuse Injury involves more than one part of the brain. Its symptoms may not show until days or weeks after the injury. It usually causes headache or neck pain, vomiting, ringing in the ears, vertigo, and fatigue. Below are other symptoms that may arise (Alzheimers Association, 2013, para.6)SymptomsConcussionWorsening headache and it does not go awayNausea tantrum or seizuresHelplessness to awaken from sleepInaudible speechWeakness or numbness in some parts of the bodyDilated eye pupilsLong term problems that may ariseAlzheimers disease is a neurological disease in which the brain cells doesnt function anymore which results to memory loss and cognitive turn down.Parkinsons disease It is a progressive disease of the nervous system that affects the motor movements. It usually starts with a tremor in just one hand. It also causes inflexibility and slowing of movement.Dementia decline and loss of intellectual functions such as thinking, memory, and logic that is severe enough to hamper with a persons every day functioning. It is usually caused by repetitive hit to the head.Interventions (Brain Injury Association of America, n.d., n.p.)Acute Rehabilitation Skilled health professionals will help a patient to detect strengths in doing activities for everyday life. These activities pertain to eating, toileting, walking, dressing, speaking and others.Post-acute Rehabilitation. Helps patient recover his or her overall functioning. It restores a bodys natural healing abilities.Sub-acute Rehabilitation intended for those who require a milder level of treatment services for a longer period of time. This is also appropriate for patients who have made improvement in the acute rehabilitation programs and anticipate to progress.Day Treatment- offers treatment in a prearranged group setting during the day and lets the patient to go back home at night.ReferencesAlzheimers Association (2013).Traumatic Brain Injury Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis. RetrievedFebruary2, 2014, from http//www.alz.org/dementia/traumatic-brain-injury-head-trauma-symptoms.aspBrain Injury Association of America (n.d.).Brain Injury Treatment BIAA. RetrievedFebruary1, 2014, from http//www.biausa.org/brain-injury-treatment.htmBurton, C. (2010, April 20). Pierre Robin Sequence Doctor Patient.co.uk. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Pierre-Robin-Syndrome.htmChildrens Hospital of Wisconsin (2013). Fetal Concerns bear on of Wisconsin Micrognathia and Pierre Robin Sequence. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from http//www.chw.org/display/PPF/Do cID/35570/Nav/1/router.aspInternational Craniofacial Institute (2014, January 27). Pierre Robin Sequence International Craniofacial Institute. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from http//www.craniofacial.net/conditions-pierre-robinNational Sleep Foundation (2013).Narcolepsy Symptoms, Treatment Remedies National Sleep Foundation. RetrievedFebruary1, 2014, from http//www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-related-problems/narcolepsy-and-sleepUK Health Centre (2013). Narcolepsy. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from http//www.healthcentre.org.uk/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy.htmlUniversity of Maryland Medical Center (2012, September 29). Narcolepsy University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from http//umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/narcolepsy