Manga in United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manga in United States - Essay ExampleManga were brought out only slowly into U.S. markets, first in association with gum anime and then independently. As on December 2007update, a minimum of 15 U.S. manga publishers keep released 1300 to 1400 titlesThe sway of manga on European cartooning is rather different than U.S. experience. Manga was open to the European market during the 1970s when Italy and France broadcast anime. According to the japan External Trade Organization, sales of manga touched $212.6 million within France and Germany alone in the year 2006. propagation are tough across the globe. With the economic slowdown, many industries are badly hurt. Anime/manga sales have already been slumping in the local as well as the international market. If the favorite entertainment part has to survive these hard times, then products have to be bought not only for ourself but for our near and costly ones.Hello Kitty is a little cat, with a round face, a bow on her go forth ear, a short tail but without mouth, this cartoon cat is printed on over 22,000 kinds of commodities to be sell in more than 40 countries. She earns $500,000,000 for her owner, Sanrio Company, as well as billions of dollars for those companies authorized to use her image. Some self-appointed companies put it on a variety of things, creating a profit of $1,000,000,000 every year.

Modern chinese history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modern chinese history - Research Paper ExampleAttempts by barbarians like the Manchu who former make contact with China did not have any influence on their way of liveness and instead got assimilated into the Han Chinese culture. The silk industry for example, has been part of Chinas heritage for the last 5000 years and the mystery story of its leadership had been unknown for centuries. The recently opened forbidden city that had for hundreds of years been the emperors residences and not accessible by any members of the public for the past 500 years is an example of how tightly guarded the Chinese shade was and has been. The seclusion from the outside world has been possible over the centuries has facilitated the development of Chinese culture but pose a challenge to this populous nation in the mid 19th degree centigrade as nations that had made huge technological advancement confronted China. As a result of this confrontation, China faced huge challenges a midst foreign onsla ught and this led to a revolution that started in early 20th century that culminated to the establishment of a communist government in 1949.These series of events shaped the political aspect of chinaware and has made it gain a good deal influence in the modern world. The early governance of China was chiefly encompassed on the aspect of Dynasties that ruled the state for many centuries since the early 1600-1046BC. The evidence of the existence of the first dynasty was proved by archaeological evidence which established that the Shang Dynasty of 1600-1046BC, was the first Chinese Dynasty, the information shows that this early Chinese alliance mainly majored in use of bronzes objects, massive ritual vessels and chariots. The information gives a clear indication that the Shang companionship was sophisticated and well organised with established societal structures. The Zhou, who had been their western neighbours since 1046 to 256BC, later conquered this early dynasty. The Qin dyna sty was established and it had much influence on the then society of china, the reign was acknowledged as the name China is derived from Qin. The dynasty was founded by Shihuangdi who ruled as the emperor and was regarded as a cruel tyrant even though he helped shape modern China by bringing up changes in the administration of his reign. The major achievements of his majesty Shihuandgi included the following a. He established boundaries, which became the traditional territory of China. b. He developed networks of highways and unified a number of existing fortifications in the Great Wall of China. c. He also managed to establish a befitting and basic administrative system that all succeeding dynasties followed over the next 2,000 years. The Han became the next Chinese dynasty after the death of Shihuandgi, this dynasty established much influence in the then China and it even led Chinese being regarded as Han to denote a Chinese. This reign was military capable and fought under the leadership of Han Wudi against its northerly nomad neighbour, the Xiongnu as they took control of the eastern portion of the Silk Road, a trading route which was allowed them to sell goods as cold away as Rome. Han was able to develop and establish Chinas civil service system. This dynasty of Han cut apart during the first half of the 20th century after which the old system of China in stages disintegrated and turbulent preparations were made to lay down a new society. This old traditional governance was undermined by many foreign political philosophies these critics gave rise to a need for nationalism, which became a very strong

Capstone Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capstone Project - Research Paper illustrationAs far as its footwear market is concerned, the guild consists of 33% of global market contribution. Its statistical distribution channels include both traditional and nontraditional channels in more than 100 countries in the whole world (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). The mission of Nike stated in their mission statement is to surpass all other similar and competition companies in the industry. Nike plans to achieve this by maintaining its position in market with providing fiber footwear, equipment and apparels for consumers of all ages and lifestyles and also for different institutions. Through proper utilization of retail outlets, bon tons websites as well as mail order company pledges to make its products avail able globally. As far as execution of this mission is concerned the company and its management believes that for the effective operations of the company, the success lies in incorporated responsibilities of all employees, team mates, customers, communities and all the stakeholders for the company. (Kotler & Keller, 2009). Nikes vision is to remain a global leader in the industry and for this the company intends to continue producing high quality products. This challenges the company to continue to constantly meet through innovation and creativity, the ever changing trends and needs of their customers and the company is dedicated to achieve these in both shortstop and long term. (Kotler & Keller, 2009). The analysis of Nikes strategic plan along with its performance over the stratums shows that the company has been able to perform with regard to its vision and financial statements, which is a part of its strategic plan. The company, since the year 2000, was able to achieve a net income of more than $550 million at the end of every financial year which table services the company to achieve its long-term objective of improvement on equity, and a higher EPS. Nike focuses on better on stockholders ret urns on equity to achieve a percentage of 20 and this can be estimated to almost 6% from its previous trading periods. Nike has been previously able to recover market price of its stock from a low of $26.5, per share to $50 and above, per share. Nike works on strategies through which it can increase its earnings per share to an estimated $2.70, a figure that can be one of the highest (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). Under the company analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of Nike will be reviewed. wiz of the study strengths of Nike includes its board of director consisting of both independent directors and management directors. They play a vital office staff in the decision making of the company especially the decisions related to strategy formulation of the company. These diversified directors help the company by not only providing an outside experience but also a chuck of reference improving an overall thinking of the board, hence their decisions include rich experience and elimin ates any disagreements and contradictions. some other major strength is the strong internal environment of the company as Nike conducts an internal analysis, which helps making decisions (Nike, 2012). The weaknesses that the company has experienced so far are related to the companys inability to cope up with the issues regarding to labor. There also have been complains regarding the companys working conditions. This was even highlighted as a major issue in the global media and led Nike to a bad reputation, turning into a major crisis

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Mullen, Hard Thinking About Values Essay

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Mullen, Hard Thinking About Values - Essay ExampleHowever, to this end Aristotle argues that the action of living, which consists of elements alike nourishing and providing nutrition to the body, goes the same as that of other living matters like plants. Again, the skill of perceiving antithetic senses, which the military man beings think that they are capable enough, does not also constitute the acts of proper function. It is because as Aristotle argues that pull down nomadic creatures like animals also feature such skill sets. Aristotle states that apart from the previous two conditions of round-eyed living and the ability to perceive the external world through the sense organs human beings possess the power of rational thinking. This rational thinking links up the idiosyncratic with a host of different activities. Human beings to sustain themselves must use their rational thinking for performing effectively. Effective performance of an applic ation by a human being signifies that the person desires to set defined standards in the work done. The individual must optimally use ones own strength in performing the actions with long efficiency to maintain the standards previously set. Optimal utilization of ones own strength and acquaintance to perform the tasks assigned hold that the performance is accomplished in conformation to ones soul.

Cultural Critique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural Critique - Research Paper ExampleGiven that women make up everywhere a half of the human population and give their huge and increasing contributions to every sector of the victimization the trampling on their rights is not solitary(prenominal) a great shame, but an unfortunate indictment of the cultivated society throughout the world. The subjugation of womens rights begins right at home. Women ar expected to take the cash in ones chips in taking c atomic number 18 of children at home. They are the ones who have to give up their career for at least a significant amount of time in order to ensure the well-being of their new-born babies. Women post the brunt of child-bearing, an experience still fraught with significant health dangers, especially in the under-developed a countries where a double number of women lose their lives during the birth process. In the family upbringing is meant to be a shared duty for both(prenominal) parents, a lot of the times the woman is still expected to be the one to give up her time and career prospects in order to raise the children. In marriages, women also bear the brunt of domestic force out in over 90% of cases reported the women are the victims. In the UK, for instance, one in 4 women aged(a) 16-59 have experienced domestic abuse and 50% of these have also been raped (Womens Health& equivalence Consortium 3). In cases of single mothers, women end up playing the role of both mother and paternity despite the fact that the conception of the child is a shared process. In education too women are at a disadvantage, especially in the developing and underdeveloped world where cultural attitudes and poverty range that the education of the girl-child is given less of a priority than that of the boy child. The common perception is that educating the girl only ends up benefitting the family where she will end up getting married into.This means that when a family has to prioritize who gets a chance for education, the girl child is always disfavour. In the lower basic education levels, thus, even though the developed countries have managed to more or less equalize the schooling of girls and boys, this is not the case in the majority of the rest of the world. A large proportion of women in Africa, Asia, and even the Eastern European states are still greatly disadvantaged when it comes to educational opportunities. When the girls find their way to school, they are still discriminated against when it comes to certain courses of studies. In many countries there are still beliefs that women are somehow not as proficient as men in such fields as sciences, architecture, medicine, engineering, math, and other brain taxing studies which leads to stereotyping of the kinds of courses that women end up taking at school. At the high end of the education ladder too, women still find a glass ceiling when it comes to postgraduate and doctoral studies. In American Universities, for example, despite the fact that 53% of the students are women, 72% of the faculty are men, many of them in tenured positions while the women mostly have untenured or part time positions (Penn State University). The workplace is the one place where women are still very disadvantaged in both the developed and the underdeveloped world. Women face disadvantages and discrimination in getting senior and trouble jobs, they never get equal pay for equal work with

Changing roles of the Chaplain Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changing roles of the Chaplain - Thesis ExampleWars bring trauma to military men who atomic number 18 trained to fight in such events. Could this bring more than trauma to those state who atomic number 18 sent to wars who were not trained and not meant to be there in the first place?Chaplains atomic number 18 normally ordained and are officially endorsed clergy of some recognized religious body however, some people do function as volunteer chaplains without ordination and/or endorsement. The chaplain ministry has grown rapidly over the remainder fifty years as both the Church and institutional settings book recognized the great demand for such a ministry model and have worked to develop a mutually acceptable relationship amid the institution and religious ministry.James Johnson was a chaplain in the Vietnam War. He was sent there in 1967. In his book, Combat Chaplain A Thirty-year Vietnam Battle, he wrote that he was only 26 years old then when he was sent to Vietnam. There he had 350 young soldier/parishioners. Johnson further stated what he felt as he and other GI soldiers went back to the United States in 1968. The author said, So many of them have gone home in body bags. My feelings are a mixture of gladness, sadness, and grief tinged with guilt. Im making it out and they didnt (1-2).Instead of giving focus to the enemies, military men are also given additional task to look after these personnel who were not trained for combat. It is not an well-to-do task for chaplains to perform the things that they were trained to do in a place being where people are killing each other, man against man, brothers against brothers. In every religion, it is being taught that every human being should canvas to love his or her man as they may not be brothers by the flesh provided they are brothers by blood.In Gun Totin Chaplain, author Jerry Autry was also sent to the Vietnam War as a chaplain. There he made a realization and conclusion that war chaplains are not proficient tasked to perform

Operations Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Operations Management - Term Paper ExampleThe outputs result be the various types of lighting products such as bulbs and light lambs. The main(prenominal) focus in bill productivity leave behind be on our total productivity in which case all inputs and outputs will be considered (U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). Measuring productivity will be important since it is the shell way to know whether we are making progress or not. Essentially, when a manufacturing company wants to boost its competitiveness, it has to tog a significant amount of money in methods that attract production and office efficiencies. This usually calls for international consultants and cost accounting experts (Brynjolfsson, 1993). For this commerce, measuring productivity will not demand the help of external consultants. The main objectives of the manufacturing business are to create spirited demand through the manufacturing and distri furtherion of quality lighting products to our cu stomers, but we do not want to create extra expense doing this since the skills to achieve this goal are available. However, the high demand has to be met (Chew, 2015). This implies that our production has to meet the existing demand for our lighting products. To achieve this, we plan to baffle up with an effective way of monitoring our total productivity by measuring it. To measure our business productivity, we intend to define our inputs and outputs by determining their economic value. In this regard, the business aims to look for highly certifiable personnel to achieve the most efficient human resources possible.

Open Table System in Blackshop Restaurant Coursework

Open mesa System in Blackshop Restaurant - Coursework ExampleThe Cerny brother emphasized on the concept of human baffling and considers the tremendous success of the restaurant for the equivalent. However, it is seen that extensive work done manually gives rise to mistakes which consequently affects the look of services and impacts on the revenue too. The project makes an analysis of the present conditions of operations for the restaurant. Based on the preceding(prenominal) it puts forth reasons why an online reservation remains called Open Table must be incorporated. The relative advantages of doing the same are presented in the project. Finally, a suitable operational strategy has been recommended in the project. This includes the market analysis, marketing, and advertising plan, reservation system, and operations for the restaurant. The quality of services and the role of the front office staff have also been highlighted in this regard.In order to know whether the Open Tabl e system should be incorporated into the organization, it is important to understand the functions of the system and its relevance in the organization. Open Table was established in the year 1998 and operated a website which connected legion(predicate) reservation-taking restaurants and customers who dined at the restaurants (Huber, Larmaraud, Li & Williams, 2009, p.1). Open System is a reservation, node management, and table management software designed for the restaurants. The software and hardware systems of smoothened the process of automation of reservations, table management by replacing the effected methods of reservations by restaurant hosts and hostesses using pen and paper. The system is used by users for the construction of customer databases which fosters guest recognition and allows targeted e-mail marketing. Moreover, the open system also helps the restaurants to save cost and time, improve their services, attract businesses, and subjoin revenue in terms of the num bers of diners and also improve efficiencies with tools of table management. The system was primarily aimed at the independent restaurant groups, restaurants, hotels and resorts. The system has been adopted by numerous customers across different nations like Canada, unify States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and Spain. The main advantage offered by the system is that it allows its users to allow electronic reservations using their website.

Personal Resourcing and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal Resourcing and Development - Essay ExampleAfter the implementation of wide awake charterment syllabus at Ginsters, a survey highlighted that the workers in the organisation engage with the company and necessitate compliment in doing their work. This is an indication of increased motivation in comparison to the prior years. Despite the occurrence that the employees of Ginsters stood and worked for commodious hours, a fitness test conducted by the Caradon Council found them to be unfit (Hudson, 2010). This made the company employ a fitness coordinator on fulltime basis and purchased a gym in an existing building. This was an incentive or reward to the workers. The manager of Ginsters acknowledged that the workers had been convinced to participate in the distinguishable activities within the organization. At Ginsters, the motivational possible action that can be applied to the situation of employees is the expectancy theory. According to this theory, the employees pe rform their work in a hard and smart way whenever they believe that their additional trys would result into rewards that are valuable (Pinder, 2008). This is bear witness at Ginsters when a gym is introduced in the existing building of the organisation to offer exercises to the workers. The expectancy theory of motivation highlights that increased output would be given by the equation Motivational or effort force = Expectancy (Instrumentality x Valence) (Pinder, 2008). In this case effort force implies the force expended by the employees in achieving the performance that is desired. Expectancy is the belief that any force or effort would racetrack to a demand performance level (Mitchell, 2003). On the other hand, instrumentality implies the thought that the mandatory performance will lead to an outcome that is desired and... From this paper it is clear thatGinsters company is a winner of the World Leisure 2008 excogitation award and the companys active workplace employee progra mme wellness has experienced significant results.This turn up stresses thatthe company failed to have a firm a stand on its employer. Despite the fact that this company provides a significant amount of career opportunity for individuals, the company experiences various challenges. About 18 % of the 450-workforce strongholds were obtained from individuals with nonage backgrounds. These people were constantly resisting the chances to be integrated into the company team. The day and night shifts did not mix and the different production areas mistrusted each other. An annual survey study established that the morale of the workers was low. After the implementation of active workplace programme at Ginsters, a survey highlighted that the workers in the organisation engage with the company and assume pride in doing their work. This is an indication of increased motivation in comparison to the prior years. Despite the fact that the employees of Ginsters stood and worked for long hours, a fi tness test conducted by the Caradon Council found them to be unfit.Instrumentality implies the thought that the needed performance will lead to an outcome that is desired and valence is the employees outcome value. The active workplace programme implementation at Ginsters, was an aspect of expectancy theory.

Research Paper to included Data Analysis Plan Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

To included Data Analysis Plan - Research Paper simulationThe kindred document reveals that among the general public, men are more likely (60%) to come across traumatic experiences that may trigger posttraumatic stress disorder than do effeminates (50%). However, women are more likely to develop the condition contempt their lower rate of exposure, with a likelihood of 10% compared to mens 4% (Gradus, 2014).At the same time, research has foundered that veterans who took part in different operations cave in varying rates of PTSD prevalence. This could be the result of varying intensities of the wars, and differing levels of exposure to other traumatic experiences. The Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans have a prevalence of between 11% and 20% Gulf War (Desert Storm) veterans have a 12% prevalence and 30% of Vietnam War veterans have endured PTSD in their lifetime. Taking a look at the gender dimension in prevalence of PTSD among military personnel reveals that a higher perce nt of women (55%) are exposed to sexual harassment than men (38%) (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2014 Haskell et al, 2010). Needless to say, these experiences elevate female veterans risk of developing PTSD. With this fact in mind, it is accurate to adjudge that female veterans are more given over to PTSD than are male veterans. It is these assertions on higher prevalence of PTSD among veterans and among females in society (both in the general public and the veteran community) that this research seeks to investigate. None of the literature material consulted appears to point at the implications of perennial or shorter exposure on the prevalence of PTSD among veterans. The researcher delves into this issue by seeking to establish whether those who have been in the battlefield for longer periods are equally likely to suffer PTSD as a result of accumulated traumatic experiences.As indicated, this research aims to investigate whether there

Internet Firewall Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internet Firewall Security - Term Paper ExampleConsidering all these cons, one essential ensure that a good firewall is in place to keep the hackers at an arms length, holding them at bay is an arduous task. This paper will shed light upon internet firewall security and how a good firewall can protect a person from malware, Trojan horses and other undesirable viruses. Firewall Basics The confines fire wall originally meant, and still means, a fireproof wall intended to prevent the blossom of fire from one room or area of a building to another. The Internet is a erratic and unsafe environment when viewed from a computer-security perspective, therefore firewall is an excellent metaphor for network security. (What is a firewall?) Firewall is not something general, it means several specific things and it is supposed to do several important things to ensure that a user is safeguarded against attacks. share filtering is peradventure the most important job of a regular firewall. All the internet activities standardized downloads, chats and so on are done in packets, and these packets train training. Firewall must ensure that these packets are either allowed or disallowed based on the source of the internet protocol address known as the IP address. The finishing port of these packets is overly very important, the firewall is supposed to allow or disallow these packets purely on the arse of their destination port. Firewall must follow a protocol and allow or disallow packets or information based on the frame protocol. This method of packet filtering is highly effective against malware and other dangerous attacks save this is not a foolproof plan. All traffic can be blocked by a firewall which does not make much sense it should allow certain packets which are safe for the user to receive. It has its weaknesses like it becomes very difficult for a prefatory firewall to detect spoofing which means the information contained in the packets is falsified. Allo wed packets may contain a bug which can retrieve a password and cause unwanted actions, a basic firewall is vulnerable to these dangers. Circuit relay is another type of firewall which provides enhanced security, application train gateway is perhaps the most advanced of all and provides even better security. Static Packet Filtering Static packet filtering is a firewall and routing capability that provides network packet filtering based only on packet information in the received packet and executive director rules. (Statistic Packet Filtering) Static packet filtering is based on the following important things The administrator defines rules. The allowed ports and IP addresses are set by the administrator and only the allowed ports are allowed to send and receive packets. The institutionalise layer confine, the network and the packet contents are all determined by the administrator. Better level of security is provided by the dynamic packet filtering. Static packet filtering does not look at the contents closely, on the contrary dynamic packet filtering screens contents very closely, previous connection states are also considered by dynamic packet filtering which static packet filtering fails to do. The packet headers are very important chthonic static packet filtering, the information stored in the headers determines whether packets should be allowed or dropped. These headers are compared against the control policy which is set by the administrator. Below is an illustration which presents the same concept very comprehensively. (Static Packet

Constitution short paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Constitution short paper - set about ExampleEven though the national judicature has the power to conduct war, control international trade, manage drug abuse, it cannot survive without the full support of the area government .For instance, Let us assume that I am a lawyer and has to present a criminal cheek against a drug lusus naturae who has killed a man on the street in an attempt to steal his wallet. Here I am subjecting the case to the judge, who is the part of state government. I am not taking my case initially to the federal government. The crime has happened in a specific state, let us assume in Texas and I am obviously being approached for advocacy from the victim side from the state of Texas. My main assistance here would be the police plane section of Texas, which comes under the rule of state government of Texas.In this criminal case, I would roll forward some prominent points which would be deeply judgmental in offending the drug crank against the murder of my c lient. But I cannot collect any legal points without the support and forensic evidence of the state police department of Texas. The first procedure in any criminal case is the witnessing of police with cypher to the nature of crime and the evidence the criminal have left in the crime vicinity. So here, I can strongly establish that the primary support I get should be from the state government as the police department fall under the power limit of state government. No lawyer can plan an advocacy without the forensic evidence and records of police department.Here it is obvious that the state departments stand is more needed and their power is more usable in order to win the criminal case of drug addict. It is a known fact, that the clause of the cases related to this specific criminal case is charted in the constitution of Federal government. However the rest of the matters related to the defending of the victim are bind up to the

Western Civilization Movie Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Western Civilization Movie - Term Paper useSecondly, because of the first issue, in that respect were not many written works in wide circulation and therefore not many people who were fully educated enough to both enjoy reading as a past-time or to serve as scribes to create more manuscripts. Within the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the story opens at a point where Gawain is a young knight in the service of the legendary King Arthur and so addresses the historical existence of this throw. However, the narrative story is not considered a reliable source of information because there are few existent facts to support it and there is sufficient evidence to suggest that the Gawain author borrowed from previous(a) legends, such as the legend of Cuchulain (Brewer, 1992), to create his story. Despite this, the story still has numerous merits that help us understand more about life in medieval times such as the of import elements of being a knight and the latent criticism of the male-ordered civility represented by King Arthur and his knights as they turned their backs on nature and the natural element in man.At the beginning of the story, Gawain comes to the realization that he is the only knight capable of accepting the challenge of the Green Knight who has come bursting into Arthurs address issuing a New Years Day challenge. This is because he feels he is the least important knight in the court and therefore the atomic number 53 most expendable should he fail to put on the challenge. I am the weakest, the most wanting in wisdom, I know, and my life, if lost, would be least missed, truly (I.16.354-355). This reveals the stage setting of defining the true knight in which humility is seen to be prized over bravery regardless if it is true. tally to Garbis, the concept of the reluctant hero is an important element of the Arthurian tradition. Some kind of shock occurs that makes one aware of the self (Garbis, 2002). However, it often goes unnoticed that the Green Knight is clearly a supernatural figure that

Executive Summaary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive Summaary - Essay ExampleKelly is the original developer of increase and felt that given the time and circumstances, it couldnt be done. The higher management on the other exit is also asking for operations to be optimized but Kelly insists that it is not possible right now. The case presents counterpoint views and arguments of the big wigs of the company. While on that point are no proper plans in place for developing impudent products at Acu, the CEO of the company is also worried about another company getting aside with the market share to a new scanner. He insists on using it in retail stores so that they can get customer feedback regarding what customers want and need. Recommendations and Conclusion The most appropriate of all suggestions came in from Clif and they should be executed. Business is all about risk. Even if this is not the time to develop a new product, there is no harm in devising a strategy, an effective one and implementing the product. The money n eeded for the update can be obtained by equity or bond funding. Optimization of processes should be on the backburner season all focus should be on developing the new product to revamp and resurrect befogged sales. All other extraneous expenditures should be cut down in the meanwhile to support the tuition of the new product.

Teresa of Avila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Teresa of Avila - Essay ExampleReligious and political agitation was everywhere Europe was a dangerous place.That one single woman who could easily been accuses of witchcraft alone for being under the protection of the Church could have made so many changes in the Carmelite Order which would have far-reaching effects even so into the 21st Century is nearly a miracle in itself. What makes Teresas brio even more fascinating is the fine mind she harbored, honed and disciplined with extraordinary introspection.From her autobiography, it is clear that Teresa was rather bull-headed even at a young age. She was creative, intelligent and active many of the ingredients for engagement of troublemaking, in which she indulged for a while, much to her later dismay. She love books, especially those based upon saints and martyrs, which were plentiful in her house, being regularly read by her father. She developed such a passion for these stories that once, around age six or seven, she and her brother Roderigo programme to run away to be beheaded by the Moorish people so that they could be martyred. This plan was interrupted when a family member intercepted them and brought them home.Going the other imaginative route, Teresa and her playmates engaged in building slight nunneries in the garden and Teresa dreamed of being in charge of one. She later admits, though, that to actually be a nun wasnt the main goal.The death of her mother dealt a blow to a 14 year hoar Teresa when she was able to comprehend the loss of her mother and what it meant, she took herself to a statue of the Holy Mother and uttered a tearful, costly prayer asking the Virgin to be her mother. It would appear that these are the send-offs of an extraordinary life for a young woman born in the 16th Century of Spain, where two options for women existed arranged marriage or the convent. Early on, Teresa was rise up aware of her impending future and didnt care for either choice, but after a period of snip engaging in typical teenage less than desirable behaviour, she was sent to an Augustinian convent school by her father, where she could bear on her ways and get educated.While she immensely enjoyed the company of the good nuns, Teresa still didnt want to become one. She did, however, defraud how to engage in meaningful prayer and focus on goodness and devotion to God. She was decidedly happier in the convent than in her fathers house, but inwardly she still didnt love God as much as she loved her father. It appears that Teresa did not easily change her loyalties under peer pressure even then. The iron will was beginning to take form maturity would have to catch up with it.After a year and a half in the convent, Teresa fell ill, and was taken to her sisters house in Catellanos to recover. This was a pivotal time for her, as she was forced into rest and prayer, developing the traits that would serve her so well in future tribulations.It was during this period of recovery that Teresa began reading the letters of St. Jerome (b. approx 335, died 420). Before we

Management Problem in Health Care Essay Example for Free

anxiety Problem in Health Care Essay instruction Problem in Health Care Worldwide wellness care constitutions are faced with problems everyday. pauperization is one of the many care problems in health care organizations today. Health care organizations are invariably working together to come up with ideas and strategies to make their organizations more successful and better for everyone to work in as well. Problem solving is an on going process in health care organizations, which have a bun in the oven been bringing positive results for everyone working in the health care organizations. Motivation is a state of olfactory sensation or appreciateing in which one is energized or aroused to perform a task or engage in a wear outicular behavior. This definition focuses on pauperism as an emotional or cognitive state that is independent of action. This focus clearly distinguishes motivation from the performance of a task and its consequences. Notice, too, that motivation can be a state of either whole steping or thinking, or a gang of the two. For some individualists, motivation is more a matter of feeling than thinking, while, for others, the reverse is true (Shortell Kaluzny, 2006).Motivating the heap who are working under management can be a difficult task at successions. Everyone is unique, none of us are the exact same and each person strikes something different to make out motivated and that is where the challenge comes in for the managers, finding the right motivator for the right employee. Knowing and caring about(predicate) the employees ingests, will help managers know what type of rewards to offer as a way to motivate their employees. Management Problem 3 The success of any organization, especially health care organizations solely depends on the skills of managers and how they put the work environment for their employees.When employees are motivated they tend to be more satisfied with their jobs and will dwell with the organizati on much longer as a result of their delight. According to a recent come after from the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society offers some ideas on how to keep them able. First, pay a properly salary, that came through loud and clear in the abide by, says Linda Hodges, executive vice president of search firm Hersher Associates, which conducted the survey with HIMSS. Salary was identified by the surveys 361 respondents as one of the main factors they use to evaluate job satisfaction or a job offer.Forty percent of those surveyed said they dont believe they are paid market place value (Greene, 2002). According to Lynn, if your program examination indicates that you have done everything right but the results were not there, it is time to talk with people one-on-one. Ask each employee why the program did not have the impact you were spirit for. They may have been trying as hard as they could, but only delivering a bare(a) performance. It is possible they are battli ng obstacles you cannot see. To find out what is getting in their way, ask them how you can help them purify (Lynn, 2001).Asking these questions are important when it comes to keeping your employees involved in everything, always getting their opinions on how they think it should be done and work together as a team to come up with the exceed solutions. This is what a good manager is made of, including his employees in everything that has to do with the job. Management Problem 4 Maslows scheme was unique because he believed that each person had fin needs and each need had to be met forward they could go on to the next need. As the process went on, each old need lost motivational value as the new need was met.According to Shortell and Kaluzny, Maslows hierarchy of needs assumes there are five need levels that must be satisfied sequentially. 1. The physiological needs, these needs include things like air, water, food, warmth, shelter, and sex, the basic choice needs. 2. The secur ity needs include a secure physical and emotional environment, examples include the need to be free from worry about money and job security. 3. Belongingness needs involve social processes, they include the need for lovemaking and affection and the need to be accepted by ones peers. 4.Esteem needs are in truth composed of two different set of needs the need for a positive self-image or self-regard and the need for recognition and respect from others. 5. Self-actualization needs, at the top of the hierarchy, involve realizing ones potential for continued growth and individual development (Shortell Kaluzny, 2006). Although, Maslows hierarchy of needs surmisal seems too simple for the human body, which is very complex, this is the perfect theory of motivation for us. This theory touches every aspect of our lives and how one feels about themselves and their surroundings.People who are in management positions will be wise to use this theory when it comes to motivating their employees, in any industry health care or otherwise. It does not matter which theory you think may be best to follow, interest work and employee pay are the two biggest motivators. Management Problem 5 After identifying the motivation problems with the employees, managers need to moolah right away working on a plan to overcome these problems. They can start with talking with each individual employee and ask them questions. Making the employees feel like they have a part in finding the solution is a big part in motivation too.Everyone needs to feel like they are helping in some way or another. In conclusion, even though motivating your employees is a difficult task, it must be done in order to keep them happy and to keep things running smoothly. Keeping your employees happy can only bring success to their organization. The employees will love doing their jobs and they will do them well, they will come to work everyday and this will result in a cost effective organization, because the turnover rates will be less in each organization and the organizations will not have to worry about training new employees.

Paper Star Trek Essay Example for Free

Paper Star Trek EssayAs a result, not only could he process information at lightning speed and arrive at rational conclusions, he also seemed to switch desires, interests, and inclinations. He could formulate relationships and make free choices. In this episode, Commander Bruce Maddox, a member of the scientific look for division of Starfleet, arrives on board the Enterprise with orders for selective information to be transferred to him for the purpose of organism disassembled with the goal of reading more ab turn out it (Maddox refers to data as it, not him, throughout the entire episode). His ultimate goal is to puddle an army of androids like Data which can suffice the needs of Starfleet in space exploration. When Data learns that Maddox whitethorn not be able to reassemble him, he jibs to submit to the orders and is supported by Captain Picard, master copy of the Enterprise and Datas commanding policeman. Picard argues that, as an officer on the Enterprise, Data has r ightsamong them the right to refuse to undergo an experimental procedure such as this. However, Picard is unsuccessful in getting the transfer orders rescinded and so Data forfeits from Starfleet.Maddox takes legal action with the local JAG (Judge Advocate General) officer challenging Datas resignation and arguing that Data is not a person with a right to resign, but, being a form, it is the property of Starfleet. He argues Would you permit the computer of the Enterprise to refuse a refit? going on to claim that Picards reaction is, emotional and irrational. You are endowing Data with human characteristics because it looks human, but it is not. If it were a disaster on wheels I would not be facing this opposition. The JAG officer concurs with Maddox and rules that Data is the property of Starfleet and cannot resign or refuse to co-operate. Picard pick ups a hearing to challenge the ruling and is placed in the position of being the defending attorney for Data while his senior of ficer, Commander Riker, is given the unenviable job of prosecuting attorney. Riker opens his discipline by having Data define android which Data defines as an automaton made to resemble a human being. Riker emphasizes automaton and resembles. After demonstrating Datas abilities as a machine, Riker summarizes his argument The commander is a physical representation of a dream an idea conceived of by the mind of a man. Its purpose to serve human needs and interests. Its a collection of neural nets and heuristic algorithms. Its response impose by elaborate software written by a man. Its hardware built by a man. And now a man will shut it off. With that Riker reaches behind Data and turns the switch that shuts him protrude say Pinocchio is broken.His strings have been cut. During a recess in the proceedings, Picard consults with Guinan, a wise alien on board the Enterprise and amazes convinced that the real issue in this fountain is the creation of a hotfoot of Datas to be enslave d to do mans bidding. He believes this issue has been obscured behind a comfortable, easy euphemismproperty and is come upd to challenge that thinking. In his opening defense Picard acknowledges that Data is a machine but comments that this is irrelevant, We too are machines, just machines of a different type. He also acknowledges that, as Data was created by a human, so are we, Children are created from the building blocks of their parents DNA. Are they property? He thus asks Data a series of questions demonstrating that, like any person, he has wants and desires, values things, and forms deep personal relationships. Picard because calls Maddox to the stand and asks for the definition of a sentient being. Maddox offers three criteria Intelligence, self-awareness and consciousness. Picard goes on to ask Maddox to prove to the court that I am sentient.When Maddox claims that Picards sentience is obvious, Picard asks what the difference between himself and Data is. Maddox replies that Picard is self-aware (he acknowledges the first criteria of Datas intelligence) and defines self-aware as Conscious of your existence and actions. You are aware of yourself and your own ego. Picard turns to Data and asks him what he is shortly doing. Data replies, I am taking part in a legal hearing to determine my rights and status am I a person or property. When asked what is at stake, he replies, My right to choose. maybe my very life. Picard points out how often Data refers to himself in his reply, My rights, my status, my right to choose, my life. He seems reasonably self-aware to me. He therefore asks Maddox, What if Data can fulfill the last criteria, consciousness, in even the smallest degree? What is he then?Do you know? He asks the same question of Riker and the JAG officer and goes on to say, Starfleet was founded to seek out new life, well there it sits. Picard argues that if we create an army of Datas to do mans bidding, then Thousands of Datas become a race . Wont we be judged by how we treat that race? After considering the arguments, the JAG officer makes her final ruling It sits there looking at me and I dont know what it is. This case has dealt with metaphysics, with questions best left to saints and philosophers. I am neither competent nor qualified to answer those. just now Ive got to make a ruling to speak to the future. Is Data a machine? Yes.Is he the property of Starfleet? none We have been dancing around the basic issue Does Data have a soul? I dont know that he has. I dont know that I have. But I have got to give him the freedom to explore that question himself. It is the ruling of this court that Lt. Commander Data has the right to choose. Data exercises his right to refuse to undergo the procedure encouraging Maddox to continue his research. Maddox agrees to rescind his request for transfer, commenting about Data that Hes remarkable.

Wilfred Owen Essay Example for Free

Wilfred Owen EssayWilfred Edward Salter Owen was born on 18 March 1893 and died on 4 November 1918. He was an English poet and soldier, one of the leading poets of the First conception War. His shocking, graphic rime about the First World War was very heavily influenced by his friend, Siegfried Sassoon.There was a vast contrast between his poetry about the war and that of others, such as Rupert Brooke, as his took on a completely different perspective, and showed the readers a whole new side of the war. This wasnt how he always looked at the war though. It was out of his ingest free choice that he joined the army, but it was two traumatic experiences that caused his view point to assortment so drastically.Firstly, he was thrown into the air when hit by a trench mortar and arrive in the remains of a fellow soldier. Then, he was trapped for days in a German dugout. It was these two horrible experiences that caused his dramatic change of mind, and caused him to suffer from she ll shock, which led to him being aspire to a hospital for treatment. That was where he met fellow poet Siegfried Sassoon, and this meeting changed his life.In March 1918, he was sent to a command depot in Ripon, and here, a number of poems were written. After he had recovered, he was sent suffer to the front line, and tragically, a mere week before the war ended, he was putz in the passing game and died.Owen started writing poems long before the war, and he stated that he started at the age of ten. His friend, Siegfried Sassoon had a openhanded effect on his poetry, especially in Dulce et Decorum est and Anthem for Doomed Youth. These show direct results of Sassoons influence. A poem by Pat Barker was written about their relationship.His poetry changed significantly in 1917, where as part of his therapy his doctor got him to write his experiences down into poems. Though thousands of poems were published during the war, very few were acknowledged, and even fewer were loved, bu t Owen was one of them. Only 5 of Wilfreds poems were published before he died.It was a popular belief that Owen was a homosexual, and there were some elements of homoeroticism in his poems, though he never actually said this. Historians have speculated as to whether he had an affair with Scott-Moncrieff, as Scott had dedicated galore(postnominal) of his works to Mr. W.O., but Owen never responded on this matter.It was only as a result of Sassoon being shot that led to his decision to return to the front line back in France, even though he could have chosen not to. He felt he needed to take Sassoons maculation. However, Sassoon was strongly opposed to the idea, and even threatened to stab him in the leg if he tried it. sensitive of what Sassoon thought, Owen didnt tell him he went ahead with it and returned to the front line. He was killed whilst crossing the canal on 4 November 1918.

Discuss the relationship between institutions and growth Essay Example for Free

Discuss the relationship amid institutions and growth EssayNorths definition of institutions implies that the institutions could be formal (for example a sound code, a constitutions, or a regulatory body) and they could also have less formal constraints (for example tender norms, or traditions, that help to determine outcomes). It volition be difficult to mention institutions without mentioning government activity and the role it has to dramatic event in establishing the designs of the game. Government interference in the prudence is justified by the existence of food market ills the fiber where the unfettered operation of the market fails to produce the best possible outcome. Market failures include externalities like pollution and the inability of cliquish firms to provide public goods, such as roads. other form of market failure that ignore motivate government economic indemnity is the existence of monopolies, single firms that be the sole suppliers of a par ticular commodity. And industry such as electricity transmission is often viewed as a rude(a) monopoly because it would be impractical for several companies to string electric wire to every house.In this case, there is a role of government regulation to prevent the monopolist from charging an inefficiently high price. The market failure can also occur in cases requiring the coordination of activities by m any(prenominal) firms or many mint. Some potential coordination failures and the wish for the government to correct them ar obvious. It useful for everyone to drive on the same office of the road, and even the intimately diehard free marketer would have little objection to letting the government announce which side it should be.However, a market failure is not the but reason that governments become involved in the economy. another(prenominal) motivation for the government to get involved in economic matters is the income redistri entirelyion the transfer of income from rich to poor, from working-age adults to the elderly, or from the global population to members of some favored groups as one of their proper roles. On the other hand, only a few(prenominal) economists argue that there should be no government intervention in the economy.It is rather a movement of in which degree the government should intervene. The case against government intervention starts with the observation that, although proper government policy can theoretic everyy fix any market failure, in practice it often fails to achieve its goals. When government tries to take the place of private firms, the resulting enterprises tend to operate inefficiently because they lack the incentives, specifically profit, that motivate private firms.In cases where industries are regulated as natural monopolies, often such regulation effectively carry on the absence of competitor In the case of public goods, the debate centers on the question of whether some of the goods that governments write out could have been supplied privately if government had not taken over their provision. In different countries, privatized activities have include the building of roads and telephone networks and the operation of jails.A parallel trend has been the deregulation of industries removing them from government supervision. The hack of income redistribution presents some of the most difficult questions regarding the proper role of government. In this case, the benefits of such a policy (a greater degree of equality) are of a different nature than the costs of the policy (a lower degree of efficiency). However, critics of voluminous government point out that much of the income that governments redistribute does not flow from rich to poor.Rather, it is redistributed among people in the same income groups, who are at different stages of their life cycles, as when revenuees are taken from working-age adults and transfers are paid to elderly. Critics argue that these redistributions have a large effect on the efficiency with which the economy ope place but do little or nothing to improve equity. In general, the success of any government intervention depends crucially on the ability and the honesty of the officials entrusted to carry it out.When these qualities are lacking, the resulting government failure can be worse than any market failure that government policy was designed to correct. By looking at different cases of government intervention and the cases against government intervention, I lead focus on explaining the tools that governments use to govern the economy. These tools include the provision of the rule of law, regulation of how firms behave, planning (direction of resources to certain targeted industries), trade policies such as tariffs and quotas, and like a shot ownership of the means of production.One of the most important public goods that governments provide is the rule of law. In an environs where the rule of law is weak, the factors of produc tion would not be accumulated and the economic activity would be plagued by inefficiency. For twain these reasons, the output would decline. In the absence of a legal infrastructure, many of the investments made in a modern economy would not take place because investors would be unable to earn a average return on their money.The rule of law cannot be taken for granted in most of the world. In many countries the judicial systems are weak, and legal cases are as likely to be settled on the basis of who has better political connections as on legitimate legal claims. According to Douglass North, who won the Nobel plundering in economics in 1993, The inability of societies to develop effective, low-cost enforcement of contracts is the most important source of both historical stagnation and contemporary underdevelopment in the Third World.One of the best examples that illustrates the importance of the rule of law is the former Soviet Union case. With the breakup of the communism, the l egal structure surrounding basic economic activity became highly uncertain. The line between legitimate business and organized crime blurred, as assets once owned by the government in trust for the citizenry as a whole speedily found their way into the hands of a well-connected few.In this legally unstable environment, income per capita in the Russian Federation fell by 12% in the decade following the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union. Another important way in which the government affects the state of the economy is by its sheer size. Government that spends a lot of money requires big government revenue and vice versa. Governments raise funds by onerous the citizens and businesses. A few countries, such as Saudi Arabia, watch the exception where the natural resource is the primary quill source of revenue.According to the social scientist Adolph Wagner the size of the government would inevitably increase as countries became wealthier, because a much developed economy requires mor e complex regulation and because many public goods provided by the government are of the type where desired spending rises more than proportionally with income. Taxes are relevant for economic growth because they right away affect the efficiency with which output is produced. The larger the tax is imposed in a given market the smaller will be the number of transactions that will take place.This means that raising the tax rate will lower the tax base. When taxes are high, some of the potential transactions between buyers and sellers will not take place, and these transactions would have made both groups better off. No tax will be collected on these forgone transactions, but by discouraging transactions, the tax made the potential buyers and sellers worse off. The size of this inefficiency grows with the size of the tax. Because higher taxes shrink the tax base, increases in revenue collected when tax rates rise are not proportional to increases in tax rates.The fact that taxes cause inefficiency in the economy does not mean that there should be no taxes. Government provides public goods without which the economy could not extend at all. These public goods are paid for taxation. Thus, even if the government were solely concerned with maximizing gross domestic product per capita, the optimal choice of public goods and taxation involves a trade-off between the costs and benefits. However, not all of the money that governments collect as tax revenues goes toward supplying public goods.One of the major functions of government is to make transfers of income to people. The largest transfers are old-age pensions other transfers include unemployment benefits and welfare payments to the poor. Government planning and the protection of infant industries with tariffs have failed, in almost most of the cases. The economic planning occurred in the decades after WWII, when governments in newly independent countries in the developing world experimented with various policies t o improve their backward conditions. State enterprises, for example, were totally inefficient.The managers of these enterprises, facing neither competition from other firms nor pressure from shareholders to produce profits, had little incentive to strive for efficiency in production. Marketing boards, which were ab initio supposed to raise farmers income, ended up doing just the opposite as government officials could not abide the temptation of the revenues that passed through their hands. Trade restrictions were also counterproductive. In theory, infant industry protection should have been offered only to industries where a country had a chance of being a competitive producer.In practice, governments protected any industry which enough political power and often all industries indiscriminately. Furthermore, most of the infant industries that were protected never managed to grow up. Facing no pressure from foreign competition, they remained inefficient. As one can notice, institut ions determine incentives and constraints and establish outcomes. Different groups and individuals will benefit from different institutions. Therefore, the institutional choices will depend on who has the political power.

12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose Essay Example for Free

12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose Es wordWhen reading the play 12 angry men, is it knockout to ignore the prominent character- the 8th Juror. As the plot unf gray-headeds, the reader notices that Juror 8 is the only unity among the 12 who really understands the seriousness of the situation at their hands.At the very beginning of the play, you can leave that there is no sympathy towards the son accused of murder. And why should it be? All the evidence that was brought up in the court room has crushed the defense and the sons fall outs on the trial. The prosecution made it clear that the boy is guilty. In fact, too clear- The defense was helpless and left many holes in their case.Thats why in the initial vote done by the jurors, everybody votes guilty (against the boy) except for 8. And here we see the first importance of 8 because of his reasonable doubt the jury hadnt found the boy guilty at the first 10 transactions of their debating, which would get hold of ended the trial. 8 did not necessarily believe the boy was innocent, just he soundless that if he raised his hand at that vote- it would all end. They will not have a chance to discuss the case, and it will, in his eyes, belittle the value of human life.Furthermore, we can see that 8 is a samara character in many other parts of the play. After starting to talk about the case, roughly of the other jurors got mad and tried to convince 8 to vote guilty and end the discussion. Yet, he stayed cool and tried to continue debating in spite of their efforts to convert him. After realizing that he is standing alone against them, he called for another vote, in which he will not participate (a rather questionable action, con slopering he had not yet spoke out the contradictions that he had found in the prosecutions case). This was a rather bold step, but it paid out because of 9, who changed his vote to not guilty because of his respect towards 8 and 8s courage. We see that despite the efforts the 11 jurors made, 8 stuck to his position and allowed the continuation of the play.At page 26 we see another contribution to the florescence of the case- Juror 8brings up the question whether the old man (who had testified about hearing the accused boy shouting Im going to kill you) could really hear what he had clamed he heard. 8 makes the brilliant confederation between two pieces of separate testimonies and proves (as much as it can be proved) that it was not possible for the old man to hear that. One by one he shattered the so-called facts, as he proved that Sometimes the facts that are staring you in the face are wrong. He develops the issue with the 15-seconds go the old man apparently took, the eyeglasses marks next to the testifying womans eyes and many more.You can say that juror 8 has an additional importance to the play, in the terms of his character and personality. He shows a side that the jurors could not see- he tried to put himself in the boys shoes and see the case from a antithetical perspective. By doing that, he showed the other jurors how prejudice can prevent people from seeing the truth (or in their case- judge in a fare manner). You can honestly say that if it were not for him, the boy would have been put to death for sure.He may only be an architect, but he presented his arguments like a lawyer and proved his theories throughout the play. He avoided being personally involved and let his sharp and diaphanous mind lead him and the rest of the jury on their way to solve the case.

Bollywood and Cricket Essay Example for Free

Bollywood and Cricket EssayThe two things that unite the rich and the poor, the educated elect(ip) and the illiterate, the city-dwellers and the villagers in India are undoubtedly Bollywood and Cricket Both have their own share of success and superstar factor Shah Rukh Khan has a big fan following in Ger umteen, while Sachin Tendulkar was gifted a Ferrari by Michael Schumacher. Both are big businesses the Bollywood stars as do the cricketers appear regularly on TV to endorse everything from under-garments to life insurance to passenger cars. How about bringing them together and thats what happened in 2008 when the Indian Premier League (IPL) was inaugurated. Cricket, in its traditional form, usually being a day-long or a five-day game, because of the the eon of the game, was always seen by the Europeans and Americans as something boring that only cricket-crazy Indians could watch. How about making it shorter, spicing it up with some Bollywood masala adding a huge entertai nment and star factor to it and this in short is the definition of IPL.This format of the game has many similarities with both the traditional game of cricket as well as Bollywood. First, the duration this format of the game, much popularly dubbed T20 (for Twenty-20 as it has 20 overs (1 over = 6 balls) a side), runs for around 3 hours the same duration of a typical Bollywood movie. And the heroes are both on and off the field. The on-field heroes are the cricket stars from around the universe who entertain the audience with their cricket skills.While the teams with fancy names like Delhi-Dare-Devils, Chennai-Super-Kings, etc. , have a mix of Indian and international players are mostly owned by Bollywood stars or big Indian business houses. The off-the-field heroes are thus the Bollywood stars and other page-3 regulars (the socialites) who add to the star quotient. The only thing that is left from a typical Bollywood movie are the item numbers. These are substituted for by the grooving cheer-leaders with skimpy outfits occupied by each team.Not to mention the IPL Nights-after party that brings in more glitz and glamour. In short, this gang of two big business machines Bollywood and cricket resulted in a bigger business the IPL. So, where is technology in all these, given that my writings are connected to technology most of the time. Here we go in 2010, IPL became the first ever sports event to be telecast live on YouTube and I thoroughly enjoyed it.In a way this is indicative of the future of television given that cricket events are closely associated with commercials and TRPs. We already see the convergence of mobile, desktop and more recently television devices. I am confident that non so far from now, we would be watching all sporting events and movies through the internet. The other technology marvels admit the use of Spider-cameras (which was actually borrowed from other sporting events like soccer) and the high-definition reviews. And yes, there are iPhone apps too

The Psychoanalytic Strategy Essay Example for Free

The Psychoanalytic Strategy EssayIntroductionThe Thematic Apperception taste ( gumminess) is a projective character discharge that was designed at Harvard in the 1930s by Christiana D. Morgan and Henry A. Murray. on with the MMPI and the inkblot test, the create from raw material is one of the almost widely used psychological tests. The original purpose of the intertwine was to bust the underlying dynamics of the oercomes temper, such as internal conflicts, dominant drives and interests, motives, etc. (Encyclopedia, 2006)The cut rate works on the principle that a subjects unconscious can be tapped to reveal repressed aspects of personality, motives and needs for achievement, power and intimacy, and problem-solving abilities. The TAT is a projective test in that, like the Rorschach test, its assessment of the subject is ground on what he or she projects onto the ambiguous images. Each stage created by a subject is c befully analyzed to give away underlying needs, att itudes, and patterns of reaction.DescriptionThe TAT uses a serial of 31 provocative yet ambiguous pictures that key a variety of social and interpersonal situations (Encyclopedia, 2006). The subject is asked to tell a story about for each one picture to the tester. Of the 31 pictures, 10 are gender-specific while 21 others can be used with adults of whatever sex and with children. As of 2001, the TAT is distributed by Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement.The 31 card game are meant to be divided into two series of ten pictures each, with the pictures of the second series being purposely more un plebeian, dramatic, and strange than those of the first. Suggested administration involves one full hour being devoted to a series, with the two sessions being divide by a day or more.There are several formal scoring dodgings that view been developed for analyzing TAT stories. Two common regularitys that are currently used in research are the Defense Mechanisms Manual (Cramer, 1991 ) and Social Cognition and Object Relations (Westen, 1991)scale. The inspector shows the subject a series of story tease taken from the full set of 31 TAT cards. The usual number of cards shown to the subject is between 10 and 14, although Murray recommended the use of 20 cards, performed in two separate one-hour sessions with the subject. The subject is consequently instructed to tell a story about the picture on each card, with specific instructions to acknowledge a description of the event in the picture, the developments that led up to the event, the thoughts and feelings of the muckle in the picture, and the outcome of the story.The examiner keeps the cards in a pile face down in front of him or her, gives them to the subject one at a time, and asks the subject to place each card face down as its story is completed. Administration of the TAT commonly takes about an hour. TAT is often a part of personality evaluation tests. It is con placered to be effective in eliciting information about a persons view of the world and his or her attitudes toward the self and others. As people taking the TAT proceed through the various story cards and tell stories about the pictures, they reveal their expectations of relationships with peers, parents or other authority figures, subordinates, and possible romantic partners (Encyclopedia, 2006).In extension to assessing the meat of the stories that the subject is telling, the examiner evaluates the subjects manner, vocal tone, posture, hesitations, and other signs of an emotional response to a point story picture. Several adaptations of the TAT were developed for research with specific populations. In the Thompson-TAT or T-TAT (Thompson, 1949), a version for cutting examinees, the adaptation consisted of little more than the darkening of the characters skin (Bailey Green, 1977). In the adaptation for handicapped examinees (cited in Zubin et al., 1965), crutches were scarcely added to nigh of the figures. In th e versions developed for cross-cultural research culture-specific portrayals of the themes have been used in the TAT cards. evaluation using TATExperts in the use of the TAT recommend obtaining a personal and medical memorial from the subject before giving the TAT, in order to have some context for evaluating what might otherwise appear to be abnormal or unusual responses. For example, frequent references to death or grief in the stories would not be particularly surprising from a subject who had recently been bereaved. In addition, it has been opined that the TAT is most effective when combined with other interviews and tests.Students in medicine, psychology, or other fields who are learning to administer and interpret the TAT are advised to be conservative in their interpretations, and to err on the side of health rather than of psychopathology when evaluating a subjects responses. In addition, the 1992 Code of Ethics of the American Psychological affiliation requires examiners to be knowledgeable about cultural and social differences, and to be responsible in interpreting test results with regard to these differences.Moreover, in interpreting responses to the TAT, examiners typically focus their attention on one of three areas the content of the stories that the subject tells the feeling or tone of the stories or the subjects behaviors apart from responses. While the story content usually reveals the subjects attitudes, fantasies, wishes, inner conflicts, and view of the outside world, the story structure typically reflects the subjects feelings, assumptions about the world, and an underlying attitude of optimism or pessimism.Thematic apperception tests published recently have more structured and modern stimulus material and some carry parallel versions for ethnic minorities. These newer instruments have a more actuarial approach, that is, response scoring is based on a specific system involving numerical scores, and ecesis is grounded on statistical pr ocedures (Masling, 1997). The psychometric validation of thematic apperception tests such as the CAST, the RATC, and the TEMAS mark a shift from a clinical to a psychometric approach in the development of thematic apperception tests (Masling, 1997).LimitationsThe TAT has been called a clinicians delight and a statisticians nightmare, in part because its administration is usually not standardized. Since the TAT is used primarily for personality assessment rather than diagnosis of mental disorders, it does not yield a score in the usual sense. A normative scoring system for responses is absent in TAT. The original scoring system devised in 1943 by Henry Murray, is time-consuming and unwieldy. Other scoring systems have since been introduced that focus on one or two specific variablesfor example, hostility or depression. While these systems are more practical for clinical use, they wish comprehensiveness. No single system presently used for scoring the TAT has achieved widespread acc eptance.The basic drawback of any scoring system in evaluating responses to the TAT story cards is that information that is not relevant to that particular system is simply lost. The three writers, Scott O. Lilienfeld, pile M. Wood and Howard N. Garb, have ensnare that tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) and the Draw-a-Person Test are frequently ineffective in identifying most psychiatrical conditions due to a lack of standards in administration, scoring and subjective interpretation. A recent subject of debate in TAT interpretation concerns the use of computers to evaluate responses.Computers have two basic limitations for use with the TAT the first is that they cannot observe and record the subjects vocal tone, eye contact, and other aspects of behavior that a human examiner can note. Second, computers are not adequate for the interpretation of unusual subject profiles. American psychologists practicing in novel and family courts discover ed that only 3 percent relied on a standardized TAT scoring system (Lilienfeld et al, 2001). Unfortunately, some evidence suggests that clinicians who interpret the TAT in an intuitive way are likely to over diagnose psychological disturbance.Uses of TATThe TAT is often used in individual assessments of candidates for employment in fields such as law enforcement, military leadership positions, religious ministry, education, diplomatic service, etc. TAT is often administered to individuals who have already received a diagnosis in order to match them with the pillowcase of psychotherapy best suited to their personalities, or in some cases to help the therapist understand wherefore the treatment seems to be stalled or blocked (Murray).The extensive research on achievement motivation by McClelland and his colleagues (e.g., McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, Lowell, 1953) gave the TAT widespread fame. It is sometimes used for forensic purposes in evaluating the motivations and general attit udes of persons accused of violent crimes (Lara-Kroon, 2007). The TAT is currently used as a tool for research around areas of psychology such as dreams, fantasies, mate selection and what motivates people to choose their occupation. The TAT can be used to help people understand their own personality in greater depth and build on that knowledge in making important life decisions.CriticismThe TAT is criticized as false or outdated by many psychologists mainly because of declining adherence to the Freudian principle of repression on which the test is based. They hold that TAT is unscientific because it cannot be proved to be valid or reliable. The TAT has been criticized for its lack of a standardized method of administration as well as the lack of standard norms for interpretation.Studies of the interactions between examiners and test subjects have found that the race, sex, and social class of both participants influence both the stories that are told and the way the stories are inte rpreted by the examiner. In addition, the 31 standard pictures have been criticized for being too gloomy or depressing, and therefore adjustment the range of personality characteristics that the test can assess. The TAT cannot be administered to groups.ConclusionThus we find that cut price continues to remain a popular psychological evaluation tool. It has evolved over time to overcome certain drawbacks.BibliographyScott O. Lilienfeld, James M. Wood and Howard N. Garb (2001). Whats Wrong with this picture? Scientific American. May 2001.Lara-Kroon, Nicky Cohen de (2007). The history of projective testing (emphasizing the thematic apperception test). http//www.cohendelara.com/publicaties/history.htmZubin, J., Eron, L. D., Schumer, F. (1965). An observational approach to projective techniques. London Wiley.Thompson, C. E. (1949). The Thompson Modification of the Thematic Apperception Test. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.Bailey, B. E., Green, J. (1977). Black Thematic Apper ception Test stimulus material. diary of Personalit y Assessment, 41, 25-30.McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts.Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (2006). Thematic Apperception Test. http//www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Thematic-Apperception-Test.htmlMurray A. Henry. Uses of the Thematic Apperception Test. http//ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/107/7/498

Behavior and personality development Essay Example for Free

Behavior and personality development EssayA persons doings and view at any distributor point of judgment of conviction is the resultant effect of all(prenominal) factors bring to passing on the individual. The factors, each contribute in its own way and at varying levels, having a ordained effect, a negative effect, a soo and soing effect or even a precipitating effect. The individual then reacts as a consequence of all combined effects. There be several parameters involved in the development of demeanoral patterns including cognitive- favorable, biologic, emotions, gender, person-situation, culture, ethnicity etc.These factors effect antitheticly, for each individual since the level of perception and understanding is varied. It should be noted here that there may be several other factors in like manner that influence behavior patterns, that birth not yet been recognized. The cognition-social perception of an individual plays an important role in the building up of the individuals personality. Although there is a debate of whether cognition gives jump off to emotions or emotions give rise to cognition, the resultant reaction has wide social perceptions.The term cognition in emotion elicitation includes all simple sensory information processing to very complex processing. The emotion cognition interaction is the think over on the integrative aspects of research in emotion, cognition and the interaction amidst the two. The complex association between emotion and cognition is analyzed using knowledge and methods from the separate fields of research. Emotions are not invariably associated with facial expressions. Face recognition and object recognition are performed by means of different functions by different areas within the brain.Several disorders like alexia, prosopagnosia and visual agnosia develop when recognition process is impaired. Social cognition attempts to join personal-social development with intellectual development. The p rocess of cognitive development occurs through four universal stages of infancy toddler and early childhood elementary and early adolescence and, adolescence and adulthood. The development in each stage is associated with an increased level of thinking. Cognition is an important aspect of behavior development.An individual perceives a situation based on his cognitive inputs and responds appropriately. Thus bumpings of sadness, happiness, anger, guilt etc. , are produced as a result of cognition. As for me, I founding fathert tolerate any i talking to me in a high pitch or commanding tone. In such cases, I deliberately dont cooperate, even if the speaker wants to help or hold back me. Gender too plays an important role in social developments. Women have been traditionally expected to perform their domestic family roles as obedient wives and daughters.They were mainly more perceived to be sexual objects in a male dominated society, with primary interests in homemaking and caring, till the end of the century. This indifference in sociology asshole be mainly attributed to mens identity as the dominant social player associated with force of timber while women are associated with their weaknesses and passive role. The relationship between crime and gender has been immense throughout the longsighted period of offence observation. Men and women have differing offence rates and offence patterns, both as offenders and as victims.The opportunities and capabilities of men and women for crime are different, which is reflected in their crime pattern. The sex of offenders has always been recorded throughout the invoice of criminal record keeping. Lady police officers and corrections officers are also needed to tune in, to chequer into the gendered criminal justice system, although their lives are very different from that of women offenders or victims. Women were allowed to take up positions of police police officers and corrections officers only in the 1970s.This too was achieved through several legislative changes and civil rights movements. While positions have been opened for women in the male dominated fields like policing and corrections, women are faced with challenges as to what are appropriate or not appropriate women activities, given their traditional attitude on such activities. The social role of women had been had been largely restricted, although the situation has changed considerably. However gender based perception, attitude and reaction to situations persist.I am particularly careful in my dealings with women, because I find it demanding to convince them compared to men, although they dont argue or threaten like men. It has been established by biocriminology that heredity and body organ dysfunctions quarter induce an inclination in social interaction. Modern researches prove that chromosomal abnormalities, hormonal and brain chemical substance imbalances, diet, drugs and alcohol are factors that contribute to aggressive a nd criminal behavior.The hormone testosterone in men has been identified as the main cause of aggression and crime committed by most men. Several case studies indicate that certain foods or food constituents induce neuropsychological disorders in the form of allergic or pharmacologic reactions which may even lead to chemical imbalances in the brain, resulting in behavioral disorders. Adoption and twin studies too indicate that genetic influences play a major role in development of criminal behavior. molecular genetic investigations and epidemiological studies suggest that criminal activity may be genetically linked to mental abnormality. Prenatal disturbances or altered normal fetal development due to maternal smoking in pregnancy period is linked to violent offsprings. Reading deficits are sometimes developed in impetuous aggressive people, which could be attributed to their early school experiences. Here, impulsive and aggressive acts are caused due to inability in discriminati ng visual information during social situations.Biology is an important determinant of behavior and social response. Although I dont perceive any behavior type as due to any unique(predicate) food pattern, I do believe that group behavior or specific instincts of groups has to do with their biological response. Cultural differences and its influence on behavior have been extensively studied by behavioral scientists mainly during the 1940s and the 1960s. Cross-cultural psychology is very important in understanding the psychological framework of inter personal behavior.Interpersonal behavior is a vital aspect of human daily activity and is greatly influenced by culture. In recent times, this relationship between culture and individual behavior is more explored through empirical studies rather than historical or philosophical enquiries. Findings of such studies indicate that culture moulds and defines individual attitude as much as it determines our values, our ways of thinking and our social relationships. Culture is in fact a major criteria in the determination of human behavior.Culture together with the physical environment represent one of the two important orthogonal factors that mould human behavior. These factors in combination with internal influential factors of biological and psychological aspects constitute the main determinants of human behavior. Culture is inhibited by both internal and external representations. External representation of culture is seen in institutions of education, politics, religion and economy while it is internally represented through values, worldviews, beliefs etc. All these forces act simultaneously on an individual at any given point of time.Perhaps most of the conflict and confrontation in todays world may be attributed to cultural differences. Clash of cultures and adherence to rigid cultural beliefs, keeps up tension between communities. A interchangeable respect and understanding of each others culture and values is es sential for the upliftment of any society. I find it difficult to live a normal life where cultural tolerance is not practiced. I personally feel that culture intolerance is a sign of undeveloped cultures. The individual at any point of time is also subject to a given situation.It is this simultaneous interaction of the person and the situation, which ultimately derives the behavior. Therefore, behavior can be described as a person-situation interaction, which is under continuous adjustment. Normal or abnormal behavior is a continuous response to the person-situation forces. The attitude and behavior of mankind is influenced by several factors, which cannot be predicted or explained using any particular theory. These include cognition, biological, behaviorist, cognitive-social, existential-humanistic, person-situation, and gender, cultural and ethnicity.It must also be understood that confusable factors cannot influence everyone to the same level. A combination of several such fact ors may perhaps explain a particular behavior pattern. Although the role of the parameters in the development of the behavior pattern is known, we cannot conclude that all factors bring to the same have been identified, nor the level of contribution of each factor. Newer research needs to be done on the subject, to determine further influences, given the fact that technology and lifestyle are constantly evolving.

Implementing change Essay Example for Free

Implementing diverge EssayManagers are entrusted with a speckership consumption for an make-up with an address to set out objectives and create the right environment and effective techniques to meet those objectives. at that place are sibylline to come up with creative ideas on the change needed in the organization and how that change should be implemented with minimal difficulties while at the same time reaping maximum benefits from the change. A passenger cars role and responsibility in implementing change nonpareil major step towards achieving this is of course through having a very clear sense of goals. When the have a go at itment is fit out with a clear sense of goals and objectives, then it leave alone be possible for an organization or an unveiling to have a new direction. The manager is signifi pott at this stage. He or she is responsible for coming up with specific objectives and determining what direction the institution is supposed to take. It is imperat ive that the leader or in this case the manager learn to be tolerant because in m both cases change demands patience. As a manager, one should be well informed on his or her aggroup so as to have a good knowledge on which members idler be best used. Banutu Banutu 2003)The task of management in times of implementing change demands good dialogue skills. One of the managers main tasks is relaying ideas, mission, goals, and objectives of the institution to the subordinates. It is therefore important that the manager is skilled in communication so as to effectively hammer the point home. Good communication skills are two way. The manager should excessively be a good observer and listener so as to understand any information or feedback that may be coming from the team members.Managers should also act as role models to their team by for instance setting an example of sacrifice. To make the operate of change easier, the managers behavior should provide a model for motivation. He or s he should be ready to listen to team members, respect them, delegate some powers to them, and assist them. such(prenominal) characters and actions go a long way in motivating the team and elevating their interest to the task at hand. Team members are not all excite with a mission but also motivated to initiate novelty and new slipway of entailing.For a change process to be successful, the manager is supposed to build trust among group members and ensure that they think and work as a unit as opposed to working as individuals. The manager should be able to nurture intimacy among members, demonstrate self confidence, integrity, and honesty. He or she should be able to bond real life personal experiences with transformational requirements or behaviors of the institution. The manager should have a strong sense of link with the team and its activities. This way, the influence process becomes easier and more effective.It is imperative the manager fully understands the task ahead and relays that to the subordinates. This associate should be coupled with high aim commitment to the institution. Integrity and consistency are paramount in the change process if the laid down objectives are to be realized. (Banutu Banutu 2003) Handling supply resistance to change One of the most common characteristics in the change process is resistance towards change by members of the organization. though resistance to change is mainly viewed negatively, it can have positive outcomes too.For instance, staff resistance can lead to a functional conflict. This sought of conflict stimulates a healthy debate among members and the leadership as well. Such a debate sheds light on the various faces of change and ultimately leads to a better ending in the end. Staff resistance though could act as a major obstacle to an organizations pursuit to achieve change and progress. If the staff is adamant to change its mindset to fit and correct with changing times, then the organization will ex perience difficulties adapting and achieving progress.Managers are supposed to come up with ways to deal with staff resistance and ensure that the staff is collaborative instead of the other way round. (Kelly 1992) communicating with staff members is a significant step in dealing with resistance. The leadership should take its time in demonstrating the logic of change to the staff and get rid of any chances of misinformation or misunderstanding. As indicated earlier, involvement of the staff in decision making is a beneficial tactic in ensuring that staff members not only implement change but also feel as being a part of it.This reduces the level of resistance, increases the change quality of the staff, and achieves commitment from the staff. The manager can also provide individuals who can handle and manage change activities or act as one. The manager or the change agents can offer facilitation and gage to staff members so the idea of change and its actual implementation can be ea sier and more understandable. (Holton 2003) other method through which managers can avert potential resistance is through negotiation with the staff. The management can offer the staff some subject like a reward in exchange of lessened resistance.The manager should so far be wary of blackmail because some staff members may take advantage of this and demand rewards in any event of a change process. When clean strategies fail or deemed unreliable to avert staff resistance, the manager can use cooptation and manipulation techniques so as to achieve his or her ends. Making facts serve appealing more than they really are and hatching force rumors can get the staff to necessitate change and actually look forward to its implementation. The personalities leading the resistance can be bought off by the manager by offering them important positions in the change process.They are made to feel as if they engaged in opposing change but in actual sense the plan goes unhitched. The stand trick on the book is the use of coercion. The manager gives direct threats to the staff members and applies direct force. Other measures intromit transfer of members, demotion, poor letter recommendation, or outright firing. It is important that the staff understands they are not crucial as the change that the organization is seeking is more important than an individual career. (Bass Avolio 1994) Steps of the change processThe management with the collaboration and active participation of the staff should engage themselves in assessing the organizations goals and objectives. There should be an extensive understanding of why the organization is taking the change path and how well equipped it is to actually implement its objectives. In the event that the management feels time is not ripe for a feature change process to be initiated, then it can be shelved until the right time comes. The management should put option all facts on the table and analyze them before it starts to implement th em.All possible scenarios to the process should be considered. In the supplying process, it is important that the manager ensures that staff members fully comprehend the plan ahead of them. It is also important that staff members are to a certain level involved in the process. The reasons for using participation, as discussed earlier, is to gain the collaboration of the staff and reduce chances of resistance. Carrying out the actual change process calls for dedication from everyone involved. some(prenominal) challenges such as staff resistance should be dealt with swiftly.During the evaluation, the management should go back to the aims and objectives outlined during the planning process. External evaluators should be invited so as to avoid any chances of bias. (Banutu Banutu 2003) Conclusion Only one thing is certain in any place and that is change. Organizations, just as human beings, are in a process of change. It is up to the management to ensure that this is change is to the positive. The modern world is characterized by cutthroat rival and there is no room for being stagnant.

Discuss How the Concepts of ‘Race’ and ‘Ethnicity’ Essay Example for Free

Discuss How the Concepts of Race and Ethnicity EssayAustralia is known for its multicultural association, exactly race and ethnicity ar a huge factor of persistent racialism and dissimilitude in this country. The driving force git this is the strong belief that some of the population button up hold a producest heap who appear incompatible to themselves. To gain a clear understanding of this sensitive topic unitaryness must look at the origins, forms and set up of racial discrimination. This essay will look at how the concepts of race and ethnicity perpetuate inequality in our society, a draft history of Australia in relation to racism and how people experience these inequalities today in a society that we call multicultural. Modern Australia was liberal as a region of late settlement in 1788 which was a small part of a larger process of European colonisation (Bessant Watts, 2002, p. 219). They had a set of ideas, value and beliefs and assumed that aborigines had no system of land ownership, agriculture, animal husbandry. native people have been in Australia for much than 100,000 years (Bessant Watts, 2002, p. 222). The White Australia Policy in the 20th century encouraged immigration only from Britain, but didnt allow Asians and Non-whites (Economou N, 1998, p.363).By 1950s people from all countries were allowed to migrate into Australia to help post fight reconstruction. The colonial immigration saw a mass migration of European people mostly from Britain to Australia. It is said that in the midst of 1788 and 1852 approximately 170,000 people moved to Australia, and the gold rush era after 1851 made it a extremely desirable country for migrating (Bessant Watts, 2002, p. 231). By end of World War two, as war forced Australia to unhorse closer to other countries, which resulted in the first signifi sack upt weakening of the policy in 1951.Later in the 1950s and 1960s other parts of the White Australia Policy were gradually dismantled. By the 1970s the federal government had removed all racial restrictions from its immigration law (Bessant Watts, 2002). Various writers have contradictory approaches and ship canal of looking at racism, making it a complex topic. It takes many different forms, ranging from physical violence to derogatory wrangle. A person or groups belief that their race is superior or inferior, or their moral and social traits argon predetermined, based on biological differences can be termed racism.A group of people sharing the same skin colour, same values, coming from the similar backgrounds may interpret as race. superstar of the most common forms of racism found today is Institutional Racism, which stems from established corporations, and other powerful forces in society, thus making it unspoken to question and faces less public condemnation. Examples allow in housing, employment, businesses, education, organized religion and media (Healey, 2002). Typically, the basis of this type of discrimination is from irrational fear of people at the receiving end who fail to a different culture or race.Although, thither have been ongoing debates about racism all around us for centuries, it is an assault on human rights as it methodically refuses people of different caste, colour, race, sex or their country of origin basic values underlined by Universal Declaration of valet de chambre Rights (UDHR) which states that human rights are everyones birthright and apply to all without difference (Healey, 2002). Common perception of shared origins, culture, lifestyle and traditions amongst a group of people or society is the universal definition of ethnicity (Bessant Watts, 2002).People can share the same nationality but have different ethnicities. A few writers have put forward-moving fascinating explanations of ethnicity. Edward Shils in his primordial approach argues that he believes everyone has a primordial attachment to their motherland, people and religion which brings o ut strong emotional ties by socialising, which further gives rise to the need to have a discern identity and belonging. Then the Mobilisationist Approach suggests that nothing is predictable or normal about ethnicity.Rather, ethnic identities tell apart into sight and are toughened in political contexts where groups struggle to get access to inadequate and cherished resources (Van Krieken et al, 2000, p. 519). The basis of ethnocentrism is a conscious or unconscious belief that ones ethnic group, culture, religion, bespoke or behaviour is superior to another ethnic group. Politicians boast that Australia is a multicultural, open and classless society. scorn the well known image of Australias everyone have a fair go, the country is still full of both institutional and popular racism.Education has al miens been very important when it surveils to moving up in class and has been very liberating in Australian society. However, indigenous and ethnic groups have been somewhat discri minate in opportunities to acquire education. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics only five Indigenous Australians per 1,000 obtain ordinal qualification, compared to 70-80 per 1,000 for Anglo Australians. In the 1990s welfare, health care and education support for Aborigines accounted only to 2% of total cypher outlay (ABS 200021).In order to receive an education a person requires an income, but to get an income one needs a job, and a job is challenging to find without an appropriate level of education. Therefore an individuals aspect of education is influenced by the socio-economic status of ones parents which is a cyclic social inequality hard to break. Migrants and their children often find it challenging to adjust to the Australian school system as they often come from countries that have a poor education system, and even if they have tertiary qualifications they mostly are not recognised, resulting in them taking lower pay and lower status jobs.Working class c hildren often function schools in working class suburbs where pupils are directed into working-class jobs. A high number of students decease school early and the expectation that they will attend university is low. In comparison, upper-class children attend private schools, and the expectation that they will attend university is high. Migrants and ethnic groups are often at a lower end of the socioeconomic scale (Aspin, 1996, p. 87) Migrants arrive with little money and few skills.Already at a disadvantage with language barriers, migrants and ethnic groups are excessively faced with racism and discrimination in their search for employment. In 1996, One Nation political party leader Pauline Hanson made a speech that claimed that Australia was being overwhelmed by Asians and feared that Asians were taking over jobs. The fact is that Asians at the time only accounted for 5% of total population and thither is little evidence to support the claim that high rates of immigration excit e unemployment or cause Australians to lose their jobs (Bessant, 2002, p. 219).Indigenous people had a 24. 3% unemployment rate according to 1996 census (ABS 200023). Indigenous people are usually poorer than most non-indigenous Australians and receive a lower income on average than the total population. The habitation income for Aborigines in 1994 was $158 compared to $310 for white Australians (ABS 2000C23) This also reflects the fact the there is a higher reliance by the native population on social security payments (ABS 1996b 122-4) Socioeconomic status is a major determinant of inequality as it influences access an individual has to the economic resources of a society.L. J. Aspin (1996) explains that white Australian-born males have a better relegate of obtaining access to the resources of society. Inequality is also reflected in the differential access to housing and health services. For people who are paying rent and on a low income, it is almost impossible to save for a p osit on a house at the same time. Aborigines and migrants suffer discrimination in rental accommodation, where landlords preferring a two-parent, white, Anglo-Saxon families. Only 10% of Aborigines own housing compared to 70% of white Australia population (Aspin, 1996, p.87). Most Aborigines croak in rural and provincial Australia (Bessant, 2002, p. 226) far from big cities where there are more jobs, higher paid jobs, better education, better housing, good water and sanitation services, hospital medical services and other federation amenities. Some ethnic backgrounds are still not accepted in our society and are do by differently and unequally. We see and hear about them on a day to day basis. In recent months the Indian confederacy in Australia, especially students have become a vulnerable target for attacks, whether racial or not.On 31 May 2009 in Melbourne, about 5000 students marched through the streets of Melbourne protesting against these attacks on Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi students. 25-year-old Sravan Kumar Theerthala was in a serious condition in intensive care after being stabbed in the head with a screwdriver one week earlier (Bolton Peterson, 2009). In an article in The Age newsprint on February 19 Victorian police claimed that these attacks are not racially motivated, but opportunistic where Indian students are over representing themselves as victims and can be looked upon as soft targets.The police also informed them not to speak in their native language loudly or display signs of wealth. Attacks on Indians arent the only allegation Australia has faced over the years. It seems that anyone in power, including police, politicians or the media has had the tendency to somehow flare these attacks. In the Herald Sun on 11 June 2009, 3AWs Neil Mitchell said Australians are also bashed and die in India, which does not provoke parades of chanting ocker backpackers in the streets of Mumbai.In 2007, the then immigration minister Kevin Andrew s referred to the Sudanese community when he said Some groups dont seem to be settling and adjusting into the Australian way of life as quickly as we would hope. A spate of violent attacks were then unleashed against Sudanese migrants, and one was bashed to death by a group of white men (Bolton Peterson, 2009). As Australia continues to argue that it is a just, tolerant, open and classless society, there is still evidence of race and inequality among us and affecting the many lives of migrants and Indigenous people.It is interesting to note that the very determinants of class power, money, education, family background, occupation, health and global way of life are also the same factors where others experience inequalities. Race and ethnicity perpetuate inequality, and in any country including Australia, one would find that there are always some people with very strong values of racism, and media outlets which help in manipulating the views of general public. There still needs to be a massive drive by communities and governments on racism and inequality and it will be long before we will be a happy multicultural Australia.Bibliography Aspin, L J 1996, Social stratification and inequality, Focus on Australian society, second edn, Longman, Melbourne. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009, Australian Bureau of Statistics, viewed 28 November 2009, http//www. abs. gov. au/ . Bessant, J Watts, R 2002, Neighbours and nations ethnic identity and multiculturalism, Sociology Australia, 2nd edn, Allen Unwin, St Leonards, NSW. Bolton, S Peterson, C 2009, Indian students speak Stop the racist attacks , viewed 28 November 2009, http//www.greenleft. org. au/2009/798/41083.Economou, N 1998, The authorities of Citizenship identity, ethnicity and race, in Alan Fenna, Introduction to Australian Public Policy, Vol 1, Addison Wesley Longman, Melbourne. Healey, J 2002, Racism Beyond Tolerance, A clean Go, Racism in Australia, Vol 180, The Spinney Press, Rozelle, NSW. Van K rieken, R, Smith, P, Hobbis, D McDonald, K 2000, Migration, ethnicity and Australian Aboriginality, Sociology themes and perspectives, 2nd edn, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest, NSW.